This medium-sized bird of prey is found in the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. Associated with hill forests, it inhabits diverse habitats and is characterised by its distinctive appearance. Adult has a predominantly dark brown/ black plumage that contrasts with a white throat and rufous (reddish-brown) belly, giving it its common name. It has a strong, hooked beak and large claws. It has a wingspan of about 1.1 to 1.3 meters (approximately 3.6 to 4.3 feet). The Rufous-Bellied Eagle is renowned for its nimble flight, often spotted soaring high or perched in trees, and may glide between hunting zones. A proficient hunter, it targets birds, small mammals, reptiles, and occasionally, large insects.

As of 2016, the Rufous-bellied Eagle held a Least Concern status according to the IUCN. However, significant habitat loss across its range has led to its reclassification as Near Threatened.